Set main aisles at 1.8 meters for pallet jacks and 600-millimeter AMRs, with 2.4 meters at intersections. Keep 700-millimeter operator reach envelopes free of obstructions. Mount line-of-sight markers at eye height for faster handoffs. These small geometric decisions reduce micro-stalls, saving minutes per hour that compound into meaningful daily output.
Dock AMR chargers outside primary aisles, define one-way traffic, and place buffer nests near takt-critical cells. Fleet software can throttle arrivals during inspections, while light cues notify associates before approach. This choreography curbs standstills, prevents near misses, and transforms automation from a distraction into a calm, predictable partner in flow.
Size supermarkets by pitch and replenishment frequency, not guesswork. Use color-coded kanban bins and digital cards tied to a simple heijunka wheel. Milk runs occur on a fixed beat, with exceptions logged visibly. When demand shifts, clone or retire cells and adjust pitch, keeping work content balanced without complex reprogramming.